ABSTRACT
The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm is growing, affecting human life and aiming to solve problems in the real world, i.e., in education, healthcare, smart homes, intelligent transportation, and other areas. However, it is a fact that the development of IoT systems is complicated compared to that of traditional software systems, especially in relation to requirements engineering (RE). The RE of IoT systems is not implemented frequently due to their broad aspects, such as the variety of user needs, making these systems difficult to construct. In this sense, the use of loT-based systems has not been well explored by the research community in order to provide well-planned proposals to improve the quality of their performance. In this work, we present a comprehensive and inclusive review of the RE of loT-based systems. To accomplish this, a systematic mapping study (SMS) is presented to evaluate the use of parameters based on the existing literature. SMS is a methodology used for research in the medical field and has recently been implemented in software engineering (SE) to sort and organize research publications to gain knowledge on progress and identify research gaps. In this article, we aim to classify the existing research publications in the current scientific literature regarding RE proposals for IoT software systems and review their implications for future research. This will make it possible to establish lines of research in order to improve the quality of the development of future IoT systems.
ABSTRACT
There is urgent need to identify goods which may be diverted to an alternative mode of freight movement due to the disruptions to priorities and decisions of logistics entities by Covid-19, container shortages, labor shortages, etc. Here diversion refers to the shift of goods in the logistics network that are typically moved via one freight mode - such as rail, highway, or air - to another mode. There has been significant effort to model this behavior for purposes of infrastructure planning by both national and regional transportation agencies. In the United States this has culminated in a gold standard behavioral/agent-based model supported by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and implemented by state transportation agencies. This model is well established and demonstrated to successfully predict the diversion of goods from one mode to another in response to changes in the freight network. However, this model is limited to consideration of the requirements state or national transportation agencies value. As a result, the model requires large teams, years of work, and millions of dollars in funding. This scale is not acceptable for modeling of transient events such as container shortages which would dissipate before model completion. This work advances a novel approach to model this behavior that is sensitive to the requirements of a diverse set of stakeholders and conditions. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Purpose>This paper aims to introduce the goal-oriented requirements extraction approach (GOREA). It is an elicitation approach that uses, specifically, healthcare business goals to derive the requirements of e-health system to be developed.Design/methodology/approach>GOREA consists of two major phases: (1) modelling e-health business requirements phase and (2) modelling e-health information technology (IT) and systems requirements phase. The modelling e-health business requirements phase is divided into two main stages: (1) model e-health business strategy stage and (2) model e-health business environment stage. The modelling e-health IT and systems requirements phase illustrates the process of obtaining requirements of e-health system from the organizational goals that are determined in the previous phase. It consists of four main steps that deal with business goals of e-health system: (1) modelling e-health business process (BP) step;(2) modelling e-health business goals step;(3) analysing e-health business goals step;and (4) eliciting e-health system requirements step. A case study based on the basic operations and services in hospital emergency unit for checking patient against COVID-19 virus and taking its diagnostic testing has been set and used to examine the validity of the proposed approach by achieving the conformance of the developed system to the business goals.Findings>The results indicate that (1) the proposed GOREA has a positive influence on the system implementation according to e-health business expectations;and (2) it can successfully fulfil the need of e-health business in order to save the citizens life by checking them against COVID-19 virus.Research limitations/implications>The proposed approach has some limitations. For example, it is only validated using one e-health business goal and thus it has to be authenticated with different e-health business goals in order to address different e-health problems.Originality/value>Many e-health projects and innovations are not established based on robust system requirements engineering phase. In order to ensure the success delivery of e-health services, all characteristics of e-health systems and applications must be understood in terms of technological perspectives as well as the all system requirements.